ABSTRACT
Coronaviruses are common human viruses and include the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and the SARS-CoV-2. Coronaviruses mainly bind to transmembrane receptor proteins on the human cell membrane through spike proteins (S-proteins), thus releasing the RNA of the virus into the interior of the host cell to cause an infection. In this article, we discuss the mechanism and production of cyclodextrin-soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (CD-sACE2) inclusion compounds in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections by blocking S-proteins. On the basis of the current research evidence, we believe that CD-sACE2 inclusion compounds have the potential to treat COVID-19. We hope that our article can provide a theoretical basis for later experiments.
Subject(s)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism , COVID-19 Drug Treatment , COVID-19/metabolism , Cyclodextrins/therapeutic use , Humans , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/metabolism , Pneumonia, Viral/virology , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolismABSTRACT
Aim:As a novel coronavirus, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global epidemic. Many clinical data show that COVID-19 can not only cause viral pneumonia but also damage a variety of target organs.Materials & methods:We searched some open online datasets, such as Gene ORGANizer, the Human Protein Atlas and Pubmed, to explore the tissue distribution of potential COVID-19 receptors (ACE2, CD209, CLEC4M and BSG) in the human body.Results:The above potential COVID-19 receptors were highly expressed in the lungs, intestine, kidney, liver, heart, testis, placenta, hematopoietic tissue and nerve tissue.Conclusion:It is speculated that they may be potentially high-risk organs susceptible to COVID-19 infection. It is expectant to provide some help for further research in the future.
ABSTRACT
Countries have sought to stop the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by severely restricting travel and in-person commercial activities. Here, we analyse the supply-chain effects of a set of idealized lockdown scenarios, using the latest global trade modelling framework. We find that supply-chain losses that are related to initial COVID-19 lockdowns are largely dependent on the number of countries imposing restrictions and that losses are more sensitive to the duration of a lockdown than its strictness. However, a longer containment that can eradicate the disease imposes a smaller loss than shorter ones. Earlier, stricter and shorter lockdowns can minimize overall losses. A 'go-slow' approach to lifting restrictions may reduce overall damages if it avoids the need for further lockdowns. Regardless of the strategy, the complexity of global supply chains will magnify losses beyond the direct effects of COVID-19. Thus, pandemic control is a public good that requires collective efforts and support to lower-capacity countries.
Subject(s)
Communicable Disease Control , Coronavirus Infections , Health Policy , Industry , Models, Econometric , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral , COVID-19 , Communicable Disease Control/economics , Coronavirus Infections/economics , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Health Policy/economics , Humans , Industry/economics , Pandemics/economics , Pandemics/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/economics , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Since December 2019, a series of unexplained pneumonia cases have been reported in Wuhan, China. On 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) temporarily named this new virus as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). On 11 February 2020, the WHO officially named the disease caused by the 2019-nCoV as coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The COVID-19 epidemic is spreading all over the world, especially in China. Based on the published evidence, we systematically discuss the characteristics of COVID-19 in the hope of providing a reference for future studies and help for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic.